Te tukatuka pepa whakarewa

Ko te tukatuka pepa whakarewa he hangarau matua e tika ana kia māramahia e ngā tohunga hangarau pepa whakarewa, ā, he tukanga nui anō hoki i roto i te hanga hua pepa whakarewa. Kei roto i te tukatuka pepa whakarewa ngā tikanga tapahi tuku iho, te whakawātea, te piko me te hanga me ngā tawhā tukanga, tae atu ki ngā hanganga mate tā matao me ngā tawhā tukanga, ngā mātāpono mahi taputapu me ngā tikanga whakahaere, me te hangarau tā hou me ngā hangarau hou. Ka kiia te tukatuka pepa whakarewa wāhanga he tukatuka pepa whakarewa.

Ko te tukatuka pepa whakarewa e kiia ana ko te tukatuka pepa whakarewa. Hei tauira, ko te whakamahinga o ngā pereti hei hanga auahi, oko rino, tāke wahie, tāke hinu, paipa whakapūhau, tuke, tuke, tapawhā, awaawa, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā tukanga matua ko te kutikuti, te piko, te piko, te hanga, te whakarewa, te whakakī, me ētahi atu. Ētahi mātauranga āhuahanga. Ko ngā wāhanga pepa whakarewa he wāhanga pepa whakarewa angiangi, arā, ngā wāhanga ka taea te tukatuka mā te tā, te piko, te totoro me ētahi atu tikanga. Ko te whakamāramatanga whānui he wāhanga he matotoru pumau i te wā e tukatuka ana. E rite ana ki te whakarewa, te hanga, te miihini i ngā wāhanga, me ētahi atu.

Kōwhiringa rauemi

Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tukatuka pepa whakarewa ko te pereti hurihuri matao (SPCC), te pereti hurihuri wera (SHCC), te pereti whakapūmau (SECC, SGCC), te parahi parahi (CU), te parahi whero, te parahi beryllium, te pereti konumohe (6061, 5052) 1010, 1060, 6063, te duralumin, me ētahi atu), ngā kōtaha konumohe, te kowiri tira (mata whakaata, mata paraihe, mata matte), i runga i te mahi a te hua, he rerekē te kōwhiringa rauemi, ā, me whai whakaaro ki te whakamahinga me te utu o te hua.

(1) Ko te pepa SPCC hurihuri matao, e whakamahia ana mō te whakakikorua hiko me te whakakanapa i ngā wāhanga, he iti te utu, he ngāwari te hanga, ā, ko te matotoru o te rauemi he ≤ 3.2mm.

(2) He pepa SHCC wera-hurihuri, he rauemi T≥3.0mm, he mea whakakikoruatia hoki, he mea peita ngā wāhanga, he iti te utu, engari he uaua ki te hanga, ko te nuinga o ngā wāhanga papatahi.

(3) SECC, he rau whakapūmau SGCC. Kua wehea te papa hiko SECC ki te rauemi N me te rauemi P. Ko te rauemi N te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te maimoatanga mata, ā, he nui te utu. Ko te rauemi P te mea e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga rehu.

(4) Parahi, te nuinga o te rauemi kawe hiko e whakamahia ana, ko te mata e tukatukahia ana ko te nikara, ko te konukōre rānei, kāore rānei he maimoatanga, he nui te utu.

(5) Pereti konumohe, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia te chromate mata (J11-A), te waikura (waikura kawe, waikura matū), te utu nui, te whakakikorua hiriwa, te whakakikorua nikara.

(6) Ko ngā kōtaha konumohe, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi he uaua te hanganga whakawhiti i roto i ngā pouaka iti. He rite tonu te maimoatanga mata ki te pereti konumohe.

(7) Ko te maitai kore waikura, ka whakamahia whānuitia, kāore he maimoatanga mata, ā, he nui te utu.

Ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana

1. Pepa maitai piauau SECC

Ko te papa o te SECC he koiri maitai hurihuri-matao noa, ka huri hei hua hiko-whakarewa i muri i te tango hinu, te tango pīkara, te whakakikorua me ngā tukanga whai muri i te maimoatanga i runga i te raina whakaputa hiko-whakarewa tonu. Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ngāwari tukatuka o te SECC anake he rite ki te pepa maitai hurihuri-matao whānui, engari he ātete pai ki te waikura me te āhua whakapaipai. He tino whakataetae, ā, ka taea te whakakapi i te mākete o ngā hua hiko, ngā taputapu kāinga me ngā taonga. Hei tauira, he mea whakamahi noa te SECC i roto i ngā pouaka rorohiko.

2. Pepa hurihuri matao noa SPCC

Ko te SPCC e pā ana ki te hurihuri tonu o ngā poro maitai i roto i ngā mira hurihuri matao ki roto i ngā koiri maitai, i ngā rau rānei e hiahiatia ana te matotoru. Kāore he parenga i runga i te mata o te SPCC, ā, ka ngāwari te waikura ina pā ki te hau, inā koa i roto i te taiao makuku, ka tere ake te tere o te waikura, ā, ka puta te waikura whero pouri. Me peita te mata, me whakakikoruatia ki te hiko, me ētahi atu parenga rānei ina whakamahia. Ko te SPCC e pā ana ki te hurihuri tonu o ngā poro maitai i roto i ngā mira hurihuri matao ki roto i ngā koiri maitai, i ngā rau rānei e hiahiatia ana te matotoru. Kāore he parenga i runga i te mata o te SPCC, ā, ka ngāwari te waikura ina pā ki te hau, inā koa i roto i te taiao makuku, ka tere ake te tere o te waikura, ā, ka puta te waikura whero pouri. Me peita te mata, me whakakikoruatia ki te hiko, me ētahi atu parenga rānei ina whakamahia.

3. Pepa maitai whakarewa wera-toia SGCC

Ko te koiri maitai whakarewa wera-tuku e pā ana ki te hua haurua-oti i muri i te hurihanga wera me te pīkara, te hurihanga matao rānei, ka horoia, ka rumakina tonutia ki roto i te kaukau konutea rewa i te pāmahana o te 460°C, kia pania ai te pepa maitai ki te paparanga konutea, kātahi ka tineihia, ka whakamarokehia. He pakeke ake te rauemi SGCC i te rauemi SECC, he ngoikore te ngāwari (kaua e hiahia ki te hoahoa tuhi hohonu), he matotoru ake te paparanga konutea, ā, he ngoikore te kaha whakarewa.

4. Kowiri tira SUS304

Ko tētahi o ngā maitai kore waikura e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Nā te mea kei roto ko te Ni (nickel), he pai ake tōna ātete ki te waikura me te wera i te maitai Cr (chromium). He tino pai ōna āhuatanga miihini, kāore he āhuatanga whakapakeketanga maimoatanga wera, ā, kāore he ngāwari.

5. Kowiri tira SUS301

He iti iho te nui o te Cr (chromium) i tō te SUS304, ā, he ngoikore te ātete ki te waikura. Heoi, ka taea e ia te whiwhi i te kaha kume me te pakeke pai i te wā e tā ana i muri i te mahi makariri, ā, he pai te ngāwari. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia mō ngā puna maramara me te ārai-EMI.

Arotake tuhi

Hei whakahiato i te rere o te tukanga o tētahi wāhanga, me mōhio tuatahi tātou ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau o te tuhi wāhanga; ko te arotake tuhi te hononga tino nui i roto i te whakahiato i te rere o te tukanga wāhanga.

(1) Tirohia mēnā kua oti ngā tuhi.

(2) Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tuhi me te tirohanga, ahakoa he mārama te tapanga, he oti, ā, koia te waeine o te ine.

(3) Ngā whanaungatanga huihuinga, ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā whakaritenga huihuinga.

(4) Te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā putanga tawhito me ngā putanga hou o ngā whakairoiro.

(5) Te whakamāoritanga o ngā pikitia ki ngā reo ke.

(6) Te hurihanga o ngā waehere ripanga.

(7) Te urupare me te whakakore i ngā raruraru tuhi.

(8) Rauemi.

(9) Ngā whakaritenga kounga me ngā whakaritenga tukanga.

(10) Me tā te hiri mana whakahaere kounga i te tukunga mana o ngā tuhi.

Ngā Whakatūpato

Ko te tirohanga whānui he tirohanga mahere (2D) i runga i te tuhi wāhanga (3D).

(1) Me tika te tikanga whakawhanui, ā, me watea hoki hei penapena rauemi me te ngāwari o te tukatuka.

(2) Kōwhiria te tikanga āputa me te tapa kia tika, T=2.0, ko te āputa he 0.2, T=2-3, ko te āputa he 0.5, ā, ko te tikanga tapa e whakamahi ana i ngā taha roa me ngā taha poto (ngā panera tatau).

(3) Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga manawanui: ka tae te rerekētanga kino ki te mutunga, ka tae te rerekētanga pai ki te haurua; rahi o te kōhao: ka tae te rerekētanga pai ki te mutunga, ka tae te rerekētanga kino ki te haurua.

(4) Te ahunga o te pūwero.

(5) Tuhia he tirohanga whakawhiti-wāhanga i te ahunga o te tango, te whakakī pēhanga, te haehae, te wero i ngā pūwāhi kōpiko (mōkihi), me ētahi atu.

(6) Tirohia te rauemi me te matotoru o te papa kia rite ki te matotoru e whakaaetia ana.

(7) Mō ngā koki motuhake, me piko, me whāriki hoki te pūtoro o roto o te koki piko (ko te tikanga ko R=0.5).

(8) Me whakamārama ngā wāhi e ngāwari ana ki te hapa (he rite te kore taurite).

(9) Me tāpiri ngā whakaahua kua whakanuia ki ngā wāhi he nui ake ngā rahi.

(10) Me tohu te wāhi e tiakina ana e te rehu.

Ngā tukanga hanga

E ai ki te rerekētanga o te hanganga o ngā wāhanga pepa whakarewa, ka rerekē pea te rere o te tukanga, engari kāore te katoa e neke ake i ngā tohu e whai ake nei.

1. Te tapahi: He maha ngā tikanga tapahi, ko ngā tikanga matua e whai ake nei.

①Mīhini kutikuti: He rauemi māmā noa iho e whakamahi ana i te mīhini kutikuti hei tapahi i ngā rīpene. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia mō te whakakore i te pokepokea ai me te whakarite i te hanga. He iti te utu, ā, he iti iho i te 0.2 te tika, engari ka taea anake te tukatuka i ngā rīpene, i ngā poraka rānei, kāore he kōhao, kāore he kokonga.

②Pū: Ka whakamahia te pū hei pū i ngā wāhanga papatahi i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o ngā wāhanga ki runga pereti i roto i te kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā taahiraa hei hanga i ngā momo āhua rauemi. Ko ōna painga he poto ngā hāora mahi, he tino pai te mahi, he tino tika, he iti te utu, ā, he pai mō te hanga papatipu. , Engari hei hoahoa i te pokepokea ai.

③Te whakakāhore CNC NC. Mēnā ka whakakāhoretia te NC, me tuhi tuatahi koe i tētahi kaupapa mīhini CNC. Whakamahia te pūmanawa kaupapa hei tuhi i te ahua kua tuhia kua wherahia ki roto i tētahi kaupapa ka taea te kite e te mīhini tukatuka tuhi matihiko NC, kia taea ai e ia te wero i ia pereti i ia taahiraa, i ia taahiraa, kia rite ki ēnei kaupapa. He papatahi te hanganga, engari ko tōna hanganga ka pāngia e te hanganga o te taputapu, he iti te utu, ā, ko te tika he 0.15.

④Ko te tapahi rēseri te whakamahinga o te tapahi rēseri hei tapahi i te hanganga me te āhua o te pereti papatahi i runga i tētahi pereti papatahi nui. Me whakarite te kaupapa rēseri kia rite ki te tapahi NC. Ka taea e ia te uta i ngā āhua uaua o ngā wāhanga papatahi me te utu nui me te tika iti iho. 0.1.

⑤Mīhini kani: Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia ngā kōtaha konumohe, ngā ngongo tapawhā, ngā ngongo tuhi, ngā pae porowhita, me ētahi atu, he iti te utu me te iti o te tika.

2. Kaiwhakauru: te totohu anō, te pato, te whakakī anō, te keri.

Ko te koki o te poka whakamuri he 120℃ te tikanga, hei kukume i ngā rivet, ā, ko te 90℃ hei whakamahi mō ngā tīwiri totohu me ngā kōhao raro he inihi te matotoru.

3. Te Whakapū: Ka kiia hoki ko te tā kōhao me te huri kōhao, arā, ko te tā i tētahi kōhao nui ake ki tētahi kōhao turanga iti ake, kātahi ka patohia. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka tukatukahia ki te pepa whakarewa angiangi hei whakanui ake i tōna kaha me te maha o ngā miro. Hei karo i ngā niho paheke, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te matotoru o te pereti angiangi, ko te whakapū papaku noa i te kōhao, kāore te matotoru i rerekē, ā, ka taea te whakapūtanga i te matotoru mā te 30-40%, 40-teitei ake i te teitei o te whakapūtanga noa. Mō te teitei o te 60%, ka taea te whiwhi i te teitei mōrahi o te whakapūtanga ina 50% te whakapūtanga. Ina nui ake te matotoru o te pereti, pērā i te 2.0, 2.5, me ētahi atu, ka taea te pato tika.

4. Te Whakapū: He tukanga tukatuka e whakamahi ana i te hanga pokepokea ai. Ko te tikanga, ko te tukatuka pū ko te pū, te tapahi kokonga, te whakapū, te whakapū i te anga piko (puku), te whakapū me te haehae, te whakapū, te hanga me ētahi atu tikanga tukatuka. Me whai tikanga tukatuka e rite ana te tukatuka. Ka whakamahia te pokepokea ai hei whakaoti i ngā mahi, pērā i te whakapū me te whakapū i ngā pokepokea ai, ngā pokepokea piko, ngā pokepokea haehae, ngā pokepokea ai, te hanga pokepokea ai, me ētahi atu. Ko te mahi matua e aro ana ki te tūranga me te ahunga.

5. Whakapūmau pēhanga: Ki tā mātou kamupene, ko te whakapūmau pēhanga te nuinga o ngā nati, ngā tīwiri, me ērā atu mea anō hoki hei whakapūmau pēhanga. Mā te mīhini whakapūmau pēhanga waipēhi, te mīhini wero rānei e whakaoti te mahi, ka whakapūmau ki ngā wāhanga pepa whakarewa, ā, me aro ki te ahunga o te whakapūmau.

6. Piko: Ko te piko he whakapiko i ngā wāhanga papatahi 2D ki ngā wāhanga 3D. Me whakaoti te tukatuka mā te whakamahi i tētahi moenga whakapiko me ngā pokepokea whakapiko e rite ana, ā, he raupapa piko anō hoki. Ko te kaupapa matua, kāore te tapahi e whai ake nei e whakararuraru i te whakapiko tuatahi, ā, ka puta te whakararuraru i muri i te whakapiko.

Ko te maha o ngā rīpene piko he 6 ngā wā o te matotoru o te pereti i raro iho i te T=3.0mm hei tatau i te whānui o te awaawa, pērā i: T=1.0, V=6.0 F=1.8, T=1.2, V=8, F=2.2, T=1.5, V =10, F=2.7, T=2.0, V=12, F=4.0.

Te whakarōpūtanga o te pokepokea moenga piko, te maripi tika, te scimitar (80 ℃, 30 ℃).

Ka pakaru te pereti konumohe ina pikohia. Ka taea te whakanui ake i te whānui o te mokowā o raro o te mate, ā, ka taea hoki te whakanui ake i te mate o runga R (mā te whakamahana ka kore e pakaru).

Ngā whakatūpato i te wā e piko ana: Ⅰ Te tuhi, te matotoru me te rahinga o te pereti e hiahiatia ana; Ⅱ te ahunga piko; Ⅲ te koki piko; Ⅳ te rahi piko; Ⅵ te āhua, kāore e whakaaetia he kopa i runga i te rauemi kua whakakikoruatia ki te chrome. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te piko me te tukanga whakapiko pēhanga ko te whakapiko pēhanga tuatahi, kātahi ka piko, engari ka whakararuraru ētahi rauemi i te whakapiko pēhanga, kātahi ka pēhi tuatahi, ā, ko ētahi me piko-whakapiko pēhanga-kātahi ka piko me ētahi atu tukanga.

7. Whakarewa: Whakamāramatanga whakarewa: Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā ngota me ngā ngota o te rauemi whakarewa me te whatunga Jingda ka hanga i tētahi mea katoa.

①Whakarōpūtanga: a Whakarewa honohono: whakarewa āwhata hau, whakarewa CO2, whakarewa hau, whakarewa ā-ringa. b Whakarewa pēhanga: whakarewa ira, whakarewa papa, whakarewa puku. c Whakarewa: whakarewa chromium hiko, waea parahi.

② Tikanga whakarewa: a whakarewa ārai hau CO2. b whakarewa āwhata hau. c whakarewa ira, me ētahi atu. d whakarewa karetao.

Ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga whakarewa e ahu mai ana i ngā whakaritenga me ngā rauemi tuturu. Ko te tikanga, ko te whakarewa hau CO2 e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa pereti rino; ko te whakarewa pewa argon e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa maitai kore waikura me te pereti konumohe. Ka taea e te whakarewa karetao te penapena i ngā hāora mahi me te whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi. Ā, mā te kounga whakarewa ka whakaiti i te kaha o te mahi.

③ Tohu whakarewa: Δ whakarewa miro, Д, whakarewa momo I, whakarewa momo V, whakarewa momo V taha kotahi (V) whakarewa momo V me te taha pūngoi (V), whakarewa ira (O), whakarewa mono, whakarewa mokowā rānei (∏), whakarewa kume (χ), whakarewa āhua-V taha kotahi me te taha pūngoi (V), whakarewa āhua-U me te pūngoi, whakarewa āhua-J me te pūngoi, whakarewa uhi o muri, me ia whakarewa.

④ Ngā waea pere me ngā hononga.

⑤ Te ngaro o ngā mahi whakarewa me ngā mahi ārai.

Te whakarewa ira: ki te kore e ranea te kaha, ka taea te hanga i ngā puku, ā, ka whakatakotoria te wāhi whakarewa

Te whakarewa CO2: te hua nui, te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao, te iti o te utu, te ātete kaha ki te waikura

Te whakarewa i te pewa o te hauhākoni: he papaku te hohonutanga o te rewa, he puhoi te tere o te whakarewa, he iti te pai o te mahi, he nui te utu whakaputa, he hapa whakauru o te tungsten, engari he pai te kounga o te whakarewa, ā, ka taea te whakarewa i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, pērā i te konumohe, te parahi, te konupora, me ētahi atu.

⑥ Ngā take mō te rerekētanga o te āhua o te whakarewa: kāore i te rawaka te whakarite i mua i te whakarewa, me tāpiri atu ngā taputapu. Whakapai ake i te tukanga mō ngā taputapu whakarewa ngoikore. Kāore i te pai te raupapa whakarewa.

⑦ Tikanga Whakatikatika Pirau Whakarewa: Tikanga Whakatikatika Mura. Tikanga Wiri. Tikanga Hāma. Tikanga Whakaroa Horihori.

ētahi atu taupānga

Ko ngā mahi tukatuka o ngā wāhanga tukatuka i roto i te awheawhe pepa whakarewa ko: te whakamātautau hua i mua, te whakaputa whakamātautau tukatuka hua me te whakaputa puranga hua. I roto i te mahi whakamātautau tukatuka hua, me whakapā atu ki ngā kaihoko i te wā tika, ā, i muri i te whiwhinga o te aromatawai o te tukatuka e tika ana, ka taea te whakaputa papatipu i te hua.

Ko te hangarau keri taiaho te hangarau taiaho mahi tuatahi i roto i te hangarau tukatuka rauemi taiaho. Ko te keri taiaho i roto i te awheawhe pepa whakarewa e whakamahi ana i ngā taiaho pao, he nui ake te kaha o te pūngao me te wā poto. Ka taea te tukatuka i ngā kōhao iti o te 1μm. He tino pai mō te tukatuka i ngā kōhao iti me te koki motuhake me te rauemi angiangi, ā, he pai hoki mō te tukatuka kaha me te pakeke. Ko ngā kōhao iti hohonu me ngā kōhao ririki i roto i ngā wāhanga o ngā rauemi teitei ake, pakarukaru ake, ngawari ake.

Ka taea e te rēseri te keri i ngā wāhanga tahunga o te tāpine hau, ā, ka taea e te pānga keri te keri i te ahunga toru-ahu, ā, ka taea e te maha te tae ki ngā mano. Ko ngā rauemi kua pokaia ko te kowiri tira, te koranu nikara-konukōmiuma-rino, me ngā koranu e hangai ana ki a HASTELLOY. Kāore te hangarau keri rēseri e pāngia e ngā āhuatanga miihini o te rauemi, ā, he māmā ake te mahi aunoa.

Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau keri taiaho, kua whakatinanahia e te mīhini tapahi taiaho te mahi aunoa. Nā te whakamahinga i roto i te umanga pepa whakarewa kua hurihia te tikanga tukatuka o te hangarau pepa whakarewa tuku iho, kua whakatinanahia te mahi kore tangata, kua tino whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa, ā, kua whakatinanahia te tukanga katoa. Nā te mahi aunoa kua whakatairangahia te whanaketanga o te ōhanga pepa whakarewa, ā, kua whakapai ake i te pānga wero ki tētahi taumata teitei ake, ā, he mea whakamiharo te pānga tukatuka.