1. Okuqukethwe kokucubungula umshini ogoqekayo
1. Ukugoqa okungu-L
Ngokwe-engeli, ihlukaniswe ngokugoqwa okungu-90˚ kanye nokugoqwa okungekona okungu-90˚.
Ngokusho kokucubungula, kuhlukaniswe ngokucubungula okuvamile (L>V/2) kanye nokucubungula okukhethekile (L
>Isikhunta sikhethwa ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ubukhulu bepuleti, kanye ne-engeli yokwakha.
>Isimiso Sokuthembela
①Kusekelwe esimisweni sokuma okubili okulungisiwe, kanye nokuma ngokwesimo sento yokusebenza.
②Qaphela ukuphambuka lapho umthetho wangemuva ubekwe, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ube semgqeni ofanayo ophakathi nendawo nobukhulu bokugoba bento yokusebenza.
③Uma kugoba okuncane, kungcono ukubeka emuva.
④Kungcono ukusetha umthetho emuva bese wehla phakathi nendawo. (Uma uthambekele emuva, imithetho ayilula ukuyitshekisa)
⑤Kungcono ukuhlala eduze nomthetho ongemuva.
⑥Uhlangothi olude lungcono.
⑦Sebenzisa ama-jig ukusiza ekubekeni (ukubeka okungajwayelekile kwe-hypotenuse).
>Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
①Naka indlela yokubeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula kanye nemodi yokunyakaza ye-post-regulation ezindleleni ezahlukene zokucubungula indawo.
②Isikhunta siyagoba lapho sifakwa, futhi kumele sidonswe emuva ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi umsebenzi ungaguquki lapho ugoba.
③Uma ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi igobile ngaphakathi, ngenxa yesimo esikhulu somsebenzi kanye nendawo encane yokugoba, kunzima ukuthi ithuluzi kanye nendawo yokugoba kuhlangane, okuholela ekubekweni okunzima komsebenzi noma ekulimaleni komsebenzi ogobile. Ukuze ugweme lesi simo esingenhla, ungangeza indawo yokuma ohlangothini olude lokucubungula, ukuze ukucubungula kubekwe ngezindlela ezimbili, okwenza indawo yokucubungula ibe lula, futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kokucubungula, kugweme ukulimala komsebenzi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
2. Ukugoqa okungu-N
Ama-N-fold adinga izindlela ezahlukene zokucubungula ngokwezimo ezahlukene. Uma ugoba, usayizi wangaphakathi wezinto kufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-4MM, kanti usayizi wosayizi we-X unqunyelwe ukuma kwesikhunta. Uma usayizi wangaphakathi wezinto ungaphansi kuka-4MM, sebenzisa indlela ekhethekile yokucubungula.
>Khetha isikhunta ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinto, usayizi, izinto kanye ne-engeli yokugoba.
>Isimiso Sokuthembela
①Qinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi awuphazamisi isikhunta
②Qinisekisa ukuthi i-engeli yesikhundla ingaphansi kancane kwama-degrees angu-90.
③Kungcono ukusebenzisa imithetho emibili ngemva kokunquma, ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile.
>Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
①Ngemva kokugoba i-L-fold, i-engeli elindelekile kufanele ibe kuma-degrees angu-90 noma ngaphansi kancane kwama-degrees angu-90 ukuze kube lula ukucubungula nokubeka indawo.
②Ngesikhathi sokucubungula okwesibili, indawo yokuma iyadingeka ukuthi ibekwe phakathi nendawo yokucubungula.
3. Ukugoqa okungu-Z
Kubizwa nangokuthi umehluko wesinyathelo, okungukuthi, esinye siqondile kanti esinye sigoba ngokubuyela emuva. Ngokwe-engeli, umehluko phakathi kwe-hypotenuse kanye nomphetho oqondile uhlukaniswe.
Usayizi omncane wokucubungula ukugoba unqunyelwe yisikhunta sokucubungula, kanti usayizi omkhulu wokucubungula unqunywa ukuma komshini wokucubungula. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lapho ubukhulu bangaphakathi bezinto ezigoqiwe ngu-Z bungaphansi kuka-3.5T, kusetshenziswa ukucubungula imodi yokuhlukanisa yesigaba. Uma kungaphezu kuka-3.5T, kusetshenziswa indlela evamile yokucubungula.
>Isimiso Sokuthembela
①Indawo elula kanye nokuqina okuhle.
②Indawo evamile ifana nokugoqwa kuka-L.
③Ukubekwa kwesibili kudinga ukuthi umsebenzi ocutshunguliwe kanye nedayi engezansi kuhlanzeke.
>Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
①I-engeli yokucubungula ye-L-fold kumele ibe endaweni yayo, ngokuvamile ama-degree angu-89.5-90.
②Naka ukuguquguquka kwento yokusebenza lapho udonsela emuva ngemuva komthetho.
③Indlela yokucubungula kumele ibe efanele.
④Ukuze kucutshungulwe okukhethekile, izindlela ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ekucutshungulweni:
——- Indlela yokuhlukaniswa komugqa ophakathi (ukucubungula okungavamile)
——- Ukucubungula okuncane kwe-V (kudingeka ukwandisa i-coefficient yokugoba)
——- Ukwakha isikhunta okulula
——- Ukushintsha isakhiwo sedayi engezansi
4. Goqa bese ugoqa
Ukugoqa okugoqekayo okuphambene nakho kubizwa ngokuthi unqenqema olufile.
Izinyathelo zokucubungula zomphetho ofile:
① Okokuqala goba bese ufaka cishe kuma-degrees angu-35.
② Sebenzisa i-flatting die ukuze uyibambe kuze kube yilapho isicaba futhi iqine.
>Ukukhetha imodi
Ngokuya ngokujiya kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo okuphindwe ka-5-6, khetha ububanzi be-V-groove yesikhunta esingezansi ngokujula kwama-degrees angu-30, bese ukhetha isikhunta esiphezulu ngokwezimo ezithile zomphetho ofile womshini.
>Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
Qaphela ukuhambisana kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zohlangothi olufile. Uma usayizi wokucubungula ohlangothini olufile umude, uhlangothi oluyisicaba lungagoqwa kuqala bese luba yisicaba. Emaphethelweni amafushane afile, i-padding ingasetshenziswa ekucubunguleni.
5. Ihadiwe yokucindezela
Sebenzisa umshini wokugoqa ukuze ucindezele futhi uhlanganise ihadiwe, ngokuvamile usebenzisa imbobo, i-fixture kanye nokunye ukucubungula isikhunta okusizayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kukhona: ama-compression nuts, ama-compression stud, ama-compression screw kanye nezinye izinto zehadiwe.
>Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
①Uma isimo sento yokusebenza sidinga ukugwenywa ukuze kucutshungulwe, indawo kufanele igwenywe.
②Ngemva kokucubungula, hlola i-torque, ukuthi i-thrust ifinyelela yini ezingeni elijwayelekile, nokuthi ihadiwe kanye ne-workpiece kuqinile futhi kuqinile.
③Ngemva kokugoba, lapho ucindezela eduze kwethuluzi lomshini, naka indawo yokucubungula kanye nokulingana kwesikhunta.
④Uma kuyiqhubu, sicela uqaphele ukuthi akufanele kube nemifantu eqhubu, futhi iqhubu akumele libe phezulu kunobuso bomsebenzi.
6. Ukwakha isikhunta okulula
Okuqukethwe okuvamile kokucubungula kokwakheka kwesikhunta okulula kufaka phakathi: umehluko wesigaba esincane, i-hook, ibhuloho lokudonsa, isikhwama sokudonsa, izingcezu zokucindezela kanye nezinye izimo ezingajwayelekile.
Isimiso sokuklama sesikhunta esilula sibhekisela ku-"Isimiso sokuklama isikhunta esilula sokusika nge-laser"
Izikhunta ezilula ngokuvamile zibekwe noma zibekwe zodwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kokuqukethwe okungenhla ngokucubungula okulula kwesikhunta ukuthi umsebenzi waso kanye nezidingo zokuhlanganiswa kwawo azithinteki, futhi ukubukeka kuvamile.
2. Izinkinga ezivamile ekucutshungulweni kwemishini yokugoqa kanye nezixazululo
1. Isenzakalo sokushelela ngesikhathi sokucubungula
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bomsele ongu-V ongu-(4-6)T bukhethwa lapho kukhethwa isikhunta sokugoba. Uma usayizi wokugoba ungaphansi kwengxenye yobubanzi bomsele ongu-V okhethiwe, kuzoshelela.
②I-groove ye-V ekhethiwe inkulu kakhulu
③Ukwelashwa kwenqubo
>Isixazululo;
①Indlela yokuphambuka komugqa ophakathi nendawo (ukucubungula okuqondile). Uma ubukhulu bangaphakathi bezinto ezigobile buncane kune-(4-6)T/2, yenza okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka
②Ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezimbozwe ngendwangu.
③Sebenzisa umsele omncane ongu-V ukuze ugobe kanye nomsele omkhulu ongu-V ukuze ucindezeleke.
④Khetha i-V groove encane.
2. Ububanzi bokugoba kwangaphakathi buncane kunobubanzi besikhunta obujwayelekile
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Njengoba ububanzi obujwayelekile obuncane besikhunta esingezansi sombhede ogoqekayo bungu-10MM, ingxenye egobile ingaphansi kuka-10MM. Uma igobile ngamadigri angu-90, ubude bayo akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-√2(L+V/2)+T. Kulolu hlobo lokugoba, isikhunta kumele sibekwe esisekelweni sesikhunta (ngaphandle kwenkululeko yokuqondisa phezulu ayikhawulelwe) ukugwema ukufuduka kwesikhunta futhi kubangele ukuthi umsebenzi ulahlwe noma kubangele ingozi yokuphepha.
>Isixazululo:
①khulisa usayizi (okufanele kuvunyelwane ngawo nekhasimende), okungukuthi, khulisa ububanzi bokugoqa kwangaphakathi.
②ukucubungula isikhunta okulula
③amathuluzi okugaya (lokhu kuzoholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokucubungula)
3. Imbobo iseduze kakhulu nomugqa wokugoba, ukugoba kuzokwenza imbobo idonse impahla bese iphendula impahla
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwembobo kanye nomugqa wokugoba lingu-L, uma u-L<(4–6)T/2, imbobo izodonsa izinto. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba, izinto ziyaguquguquka ngenxa yamandla okudonsa, okuholela esimweni sokudonsa nokujika kwezinto.
Kumapuleti ahlukene obukhulu, ngokuya ngobubanzi bomsele wesikhunta esijwayelekile esikhona, inani elincane le-L lingokulandelayo:
>Isixazululo:
①khulisa usayizi, bese usika unqenqema olugoqiwe ngemva kokwakheka.
②wandise imbobo iye entanjeni yokugoba (akumelwe ibe nomthelela ekubukekeni nasekusebenzeni, futhi ikhasimende liyavuma).
③ukucubungula okuyimfihlo noma ukucubungula izimbobo
④ukucutshungulwa kwesikhunta okungavamile
⑤shintsha usayizi wembobo
4. Ibanga eliphakathi komphetho wokudweba nomugqa wokugoba lincane, futhi ingxenye yokudweba iyaphazamiseka ngemva kokugoba
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Uma i-L<(4–6)T/2, ngenxa yokuthi umdwebo uthintana nedayi engezansi, umdwebo uyaphazamiseka ngamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba.
>Isixazululo:
①ukucubungula okuyimfihlo noma ukucubungula izimbobo.
②shintsha usayizi womdwebo.
③kusetshenziswa ukucubungula isikhunta okukhethekile
④ukucutshungulwa kwesikhunta okungavamile
5. Unqenqema olude olufile luyagoba ngemva kokuba luthambile
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Ngenxa yonqenqema olude olufile, alunamathele kahle uma luyisicaba, okubangela ukuthi ingxenye yalo igobe ngemva kokusicaba.﹔Lesi simo sihlobene kakhulu nesimo sokuthamba, ngakho-ke naka indawo yokuthamba lapho uthamba
>Isixazululo:
①Goqa amakhona agobile (bheka umdwebo) ngaphambi kokugoqa imiphetho efile, bese uwacaba.
②Hlukanisa ngezinyathelo eziningi:
——Cindezela ukuphela kuqala ukuze wenze unqenqema olufile lugobe phansi.
—— Yenza izimpande zibe zithambile.
Qaphela: Umphumela wokuthamba uhlobene namakhono okusebenza omqhubi, ngakho-ke sicela unake isimo sangempela lapho uthamba.
6. Ibhuloho elikhulu lokudonsa ubude kulula ukuliphula
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphakama kwebhuloho lokudonsa kuphakeme kakhulu, izinto zokwakha zeluliwe kakhulu futhi ziyaphuka.
②Amakhona esikhunta esilula awagayiwe noma ukugaywa akwanele.
③Ukuqina kwezinto zokwakha kuphansi kakhulu noma umzimba webhuloho mncane kakhulu.
>Isixazululo:
①khulisa imbobo yobuciko ohlangothini oluqhekekile.
②Khulisa ububanzi bebhuloho lokupompa.
③ukugaya i-engeli ye-R elula yesikhunta ukuze kwandiswe ukuguquka kwe-arc.
④engeza uwoyela wokugcoba ebhulohweni lokudonsa. (Ngakho-ke, le ndlela izokwenza ubuso bomsebenzi bungcole, ngakho-ke ngeke busetshenziswe ezingxenyeni ze-AL, njll.)
7. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula isikhunta okulula, usayizi wokucubungula uzohamba
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Ngenxa yamandla okucindezela phambili kwento yokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya, into yokusebenza isuswa iye phambili, okuholela ekwandeni kosayizi we-angle encane yokuthambekela ngaphambili u-L.
>Isixazululo:
①qeda ingxenye enombala esithombeni. Ngokuvamile yenza umehluko omkhulu.
②susa zonke izingxenye ezizibeka zona zesikhunta esilula, bese usetha indawo ngemva kokushintsha ukuze uyisebenzise.
8. Usayizi ophelele wesikhala (okubhekisele ekuvulekeni) mncane kakhulu noma mkhulu kakhulu, okungafani nendawo eyindilinga.
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①iphrojekthi yandiswa ngendlela engafanele.
②usayizi wokumboza awulungile.
>Isixazululo:
Ngokwenani eliphelele lokuphambuka ohlangothini lokuphambuka kanye nenani lemimese egobayo, ukuphambuka okwabelwe ukugoba ngakunye kubalwa.
Uma ukubekezelelana kokusabalalisa okubaliwe kungaphakathi kobubanzi bokubekezelelana, umsebenzi uyamukeleka.
—–Uma usayizi mkhulu kakhulu, ungacutshungulwa ngomsele omncane ongu-V.
—–Uma usayizi mncane kakhulu, ungacutshungulwa ngomsele omkhulu ongu-V.
9. Ngemva kokuba imbobo ivaliwe, izoqhuma, noma ijoyinti ngeke liqine, bese lizokhubazeka.
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①Ukuqhuma kungenxa yokuthi i-engeli engu-R yokushaya i-punch incane kakhulu noma i-burr yokushaya i-flanging inkulu kakhulu.
②Ukuntuleka kokuqina kubangelwa ukunwebeka okunganele kwembobo yokupompa.
③Ukuguquka kubangelwa ukuhlukana kwembobo noma indlela engalungile yamalunga.
>Isixazululo:
①Sebenzisa isibhakela esine-engeli enkulu ye-R esikhundleni salokho.
Qaphela: Ama-burrs azungeze umgodi lapho umgodi ugobile.
②Uma ucindezela kakhulu, imbobo yesaladi izokhula futhi ijule, sebenzisa i-R-angle punch enkulu esikhundleni salokho.
③Shintsha indlela yokuhlangana kanye nesizathu sokuphuma kwembobo.
10. I-stud igobile noma ikhubazekile ngemva kokucindezela
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①Akukho msebenzi oyisicaba lapho kucutshungulwa umkhiqizo.
②Ingcindezi ebusweni obungezansi bento yokusebenza ayilingani noma ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu.
>Isixazululo:
①Uma ucindezela i-stud, umsebenzi kufanele ubekwe phansi.
②Yenza uhlaka lokusekela.
③lungisa ingcindezi.
④Khulisa ububanzi bamandla obungaphezulu obungaphansi bese unciphisa ububanzi bamandla obungaphezulu.
11. Izinhlangothi ezimbili azifani ngemva komehluko wezinga
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①isikhunta asilinganiswanga.
②Ama-gasket aphezulu naphansi awalungiswa kahle.
③Ubuso besikhunta obuphezulu nobuphansi bunezinketho ezahlukene.
>Isixazululo:
①Hlola kabusha isikhunta.
②Khulisa noma wehlise i-gasket. (Ukuze uthole izindlela ezithile zokulungisa, bheka “Ubuchwepheshe Bokucubungula Izingxenye”)
③Isikhunta singavamile.
④Shintsha ubuso ukuze buthathwe, ukuze ubuso besikhunta obuphezulu nobuphansi bufane.
12. Ukugoba ebusweni bomkhiqizo kujule kakhulu
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
①umsele ongezansi wesikhunta u-V mncane
②i-engeli engu-R yomsele ophansi wesikhunta esingu-V incane
③impahla ithambile kakhulu.
>Isixazululo:
①kusetshenziswa ukucubungula okukhulu kwe-V groove
②sebenzisa ukucubungula isikhunta esikhulu se-R angle
③izinto zokulala ezigobayo (iphedi yensimbi noma i-Ugliad)
13. Ukugoba okuseduze kuyaphazamiseka ngemva kokugoba
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Umshini usebenza ngokushesha ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba, futhi isivinini sokugoba esikhuphukayo sento yokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguqulwa sikhulu kunesivinini sokuhamba kwesandla somqhubi obambe into yokusebenza.
>Isixazululo:
①ukunciphisa isivinini sokusebenza komshini
②Khulisa isivinini sokusekelwa kwesandla somqhubi.
14. Izingxenye ze-AL zivame ukuqhekeka uma zigobile
>Ukuhlaziywa Kwembangela:
Ngenxa yokuthi izinto ze-AL zinesakhiwo esikhethekile sekristalu, kulula ukuphuka uma imigqa ehambisanayo igobile.
>Isixazululo:
①Uma uvala isikhala, cabanga ngokusika izinto ze-AL ngendlela eqondile neqondile eya endaweni yokugoba (ngisho noma indlela yokugoba kwezinto iqondile emugqeni).
②khulisa i-engeli ephezulu yesikhunta R
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-03-2021