1. Zinthu zogwirira ntchito pa makina opindika
1. Pindani L
Malinga ndi ngodya, imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: 90˚ fold ndi non-90˚ fold.
Malinga ndi njira yogwirira ntchito, imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: general processing (L>V/2) ndi special processing (L).
>Chifanizirocho chimasankhidwa malinga ndi zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake, makulidwe a mbaleyo, ndi ngodya yopangira.
>Mfundo Yodalirika
①Kutengera mfundo ya malo awiri okhazikika pambuyo pokhazikika, ndi malo okhazikika malinga ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece.
②Samalani ndi kupotoka kwa chingwe pamene lamulo lakumbuyo layikidwa, ndipo liyenera kukhala pamzere womwewo wapakati ndi kukula kopindika kwa chidutswa chogwirira ntchito.
③Pankhani ya mapindo ang'onoang'ono, malo obwerera m'mbuyo ndi abwino.
④Ndi bwino kuyika lamulo kumbuyo ndikulitsitsa pakati. (Mukawerama kumbuyo, malamulowo sakhala osavuta kuwapotoza)
⑤Ndi bwino kukhala pafupi ndi lamulo lakumbuyo.
⑥Mbali yayitali ndi yabwino.
⑦Gwiritsani ntchito ma jig kuti muthandize kuika malo (malo osakhazikika a hypotenuse).
>Kusamalitsa
①Samalani njira yoikira zinthu panthawi yokonza ndi njira yoyendetsera zinthu pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoikira zinthu.
②Chikombolecho chimapindika chikayikidwa, ndipo chiyenera kukokedwa kuti ntchitoyo isawonongeke ikapindika.
③Pamene chogwirira ntchito chachikulu chapindika mkati, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akuluakulu a chogwirira ntchito ndi malo ocheperako opindika, zimakhala zovuta kuti chida ndi malo opindika azigwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chogwirira ntchitocho chikhale chovuta kuyika kapena kuwonongeka kwa chogwirira ntchito chopindika. Pofuna kupewa vutoli, mutha kuwonjezera malo oikirapo mbali yayitali ya chogwirira ntchito, kuti chogwiriracho chikhale mbali ziwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akhale osavuta, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha chogwirira ntchito, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chogwirira ntchito, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
2. Pindani N
Ma N-fold amafunika njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mukapindika, kukula kwa mkati mwa chinthucho kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo kuposa 4MM, ndipo kukula kwa X kumakhala kocheperako malinga ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu. Ngati kukula kwa mkati mwa chinthucho kuli kochepera 4MM, gwiritsani ntchito njira yapadera yogwirira ntchito.
>Sankhani nkhungu malinga ndi makulidwe a chinthucho, kukula kwake, chipangizocho ndi ngodya yake yopindika.
>Mfundo Yodalirika
①Onetsetsani kuti chogwirira ntchitocho sichikusokoneza nkhungu
②Onetsetsani kuti ngodya ya malo ndi yochepera madigiri 90.
③Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo awiri omwe atchulidwa pambuyo pa chisankho, kupatulapo pazochitika zapadera.
>Kusamalitsa
①Mukapinda L-pining, ngodya yomwe ikuyembekezeka iyenera kukhala pa madigiri 90 kapena kuchepera pang'ono madigiri 90 kuti ikhale yosavuta kukonza ndi kuyiyika pamalo oyenera.
②Pa nthawi yokonza kachiwiri, malo oikira amafunika kukhala pakati pa malo okonzera.
3. Pindani Z
Amatchedwanso kusiyana kwa sitepe, kutanthauza kuti, imodzi yabwino ndi inayo yokhota kumbuyo. Malinga ndi ngodya, kusiyana pakati pa hypotenuse ndi m'mphepete molunjika kumagawidwa.
Kukula kochepa kwa kupindika kwa makina kumachepetsedwa ndi nkhungu yopangira, ndipo kukula kwakukulu kwa makina opangira makina kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a makina opangira makina. Nthawi zonse, pamene kukula kwa mkati mwa chipangizo chopindidwa ndi Z kuli kochepera 3.5T, njira yosinthira magawo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikakhala yayikulu kuposa 3.5T, njira yogwiritsira ntchito yachizolowezi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
>Mfundo Yodalirika
①Malo abwino komanso kukhazikika bwino.
②Malo onse ndi ofanana ndi L fold.
③Malo ena ogwirira ntchito amafuna kuti chogwirira ntchito chokonzedwa ndi chotchingira chapansi chikhale chosalala.
>Kusamalitsa
①Ngodya yopangira L-fold iyenera kukhala pamalo ake, nthawi zambiri madigiri 89.5-90.
②Samalani kusintha kwa ntchitoyo mukakoka kumbuyo pambuyo pa lamulo.
③Ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito iyenera kukhala yolondola.
④Pa kukonza kwapadera, njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza:
——- Njira yolekanitsira mzere wapakati (kukonza zinthu mosiyanasiyana)
——- Kukonza pang'ono kwa V (kufunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupindika)
——- Kupanga nkhungu kosavuta
——- Kusintha mawonekedwe a die yapansi
4. Pindani mozungulira ndi kupeta
Kupindika kobwerera m'mbuyo kumatchedwanso kuti dead edge.
Njira zochizira m'mphepete mwakufa:
① Choyamba pindani ndi kuyika pa kutentha kwa madigiri pafupifupi 35.
② Gwiritsani ntchito chida chodulira kuti chikhale chosalala mpaka chikhale cholimba komanso chosalala.
>Kusankha mawonekedwe
Malinga ndi makulidwe a chinthucho ka 5-6, sankhani m'lifupi mwa V-groove wa nkhungu yapansi yokhala ndi kuya kwa madigiri 30, ndikusankha nkhungu yapamwamba malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'mphepete mwa dead machining.
>Kusamalitsa
Samalani kufanana kwa mbali ziwiri za mbali yakufa. Pamene kukula kwa mbali yakufa kuli kotalika, mbali yophwanyika ikhoza kupindika kaye kenako kuphwanyika. Pa mbali zazifupi zakufa, ma padding angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza.
5. Zipangizo zosindikizira
Gwiritsani ntchito makina opindika kuti musindikize ndikugwirizanitsa zidazo, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chobowola, chogwirira ntchito ndi njira zina zothandizira kukonza nkhungu.
Muzochitika zachizolowezi pali: mtedza wopondereza, ma stud opondereza, zomangira zopondereza ndi zida zina.
>Kusamalitsa
①Pamene mawonekedwe a workpiece akufunika kupewedwa pokonza, malo ake ayenera kupewedwa.
②Mukamaliza kukonza, yang'anani mphamvu ya torque, ngati mphamvuyo yafika pa muyezo, komanso ngati zida ndi ntchito yake ndi zolimba komanso zofewa.
③Mukapinda, mukakanikiza pafupi ndi chida cha makina, samalani malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kufanana kwa nkhungu.
④Ngati ndi chiphuphu, chonde samalani kuti pasakhale ming'alu pa chiphuphucho, ndipo chiphuphucho chisakhale chapamwamba kuposa pamwamba pa chinthu chogwirira ntchito.
6. Kupanga nkhungu kosavuta
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu mosavuta zimaphatikizapo: kusiyana kwa magawo ang'onoang'ono, mbedza, mlatho wokoka, thumba lokoka, zidutswa zosindikizira ndi mawonekedwe ena osakhazikika.
Mfundo yopangira nkhungu yosavuta imatanthauza "mfundo yopangira nkhungu yosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito laser"
Zinyalala zosavuta nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kapena kudziyika zokha zikagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chofunika kwambiri pa kukonza zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu mosavuta ndikuti ntchito yake ndi zofunikira pakuzipanga sizimakhudzidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi abwinobwino.
2. Mavuto omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pokonza makina opindika ndi mayankho ake
1. Chochitika chotsetsereka panthawi yokonza
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①Kawirikawiri, m'lifupi mwa mzera wa V wa (4-6)T umasankhidwa posankha nkhungu yopindika. Ngati kukula kwa kupindika kuli kochepera theka la m'lifupi mwa mzera wa V wosankhidwa, kutsetsereka kumachitika.
②Mzere wa V wosankhidwa ndi waukulu kwambiri
③Chithandizo cha njira
>Yankho;
①Njira yopatuka pakati pa mzere (kukonza zinthu mozungulira). Ngati gawo lamkati la chinthu chopindika ndi laling'ono kuposa (4-6)T/2, pangani zambiri momwe mungathere.
②Kukonza zinthu zophimba.
③Gwiritsani ntchito mpata waung'ono wa V kuti mupinde ndi mpata waukulu wa V kuti muchepetse mphamvu.
④Sankhani mzera wocheperako wa V.
2. M'lifupi mwake mwa kupindika mkati ndi wocheperako kuposa m'lifupi mwake mwachizolowezi cha nkhungu
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Popeza m'lifupi mwa muyezo wa nkhungu yotsika ya bedi lopindika ndi 10MM, gawo lopindika ndi lochepera 10MM. Ngati ndi kupindika kwa madigiri 90, kutalika kwake sikuyenera kukhala kochepera √2(L+V/2)+T. Pa kupindika kwamtunduwu, nkhunguyo iyenera kukhazikika pansi pa nkhungu (kupatula ufulu wopita mmwamba siwoletsedwa) kuti ipewe kusuntha kwa nkhungu ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ichotsedwe kapena kuyambitsa ngozi yachitetezo.
>Yankho:
①onjezani kukula (kuti mugwirizane ndi kasitomala), ndiko kuti, onjezani m'lifupi mwa khola lamkati.
②kukonza nkhungu mosavuta
③zida zopukutira (izi zipangitsa kuti ndalama zogulira zinthu ziwonjezeke)
3. Dzenjelo lili pafupi kwambiri ndi mzere wopindika, kupindikako kudzapangitsa dzenje kukoka zinthuzo ndikuzungulira zinthuzo
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Poganiza kuti mtunda pakati pa dzenje ndi mzere wopindika ndi L, pamene L<(4–6)T/2, dzenjelo lidzakoka zinthuzo. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti panthawi yopindika, zinthuzo zimasokonekera chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikoke ndikuzungulira.
Pa makulidwe osiyanasiyana a mbale, malinga ndi m'lifupi mwa groove wa nkhungu yokhazikika yomwe ilipo, mtengo wocheperako wa L ndi motere:
>Yankho:
①onjezerani kukula, ndikudula m'mphepete mwake mutapanga.
②kukulitsa dzenjelo mpaka pamzere wopindika (sikuyenera kukhala ndi zotsatira pa mawonekedwe ndi ntchito, ndipo kasitomala akuvomereza).
③kukonza zinthu zobisika kapena kukonza zomangira
④kukonza nkhungu
⑤sinthani kukula kwa dzenje
4. Mtunda pakati pa m'mphepete mwa chojambula ndi mzere wopindika ndi wochepa, ndipo gawo lojambula limasokonekera mutapindika
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Pamene L<(4–6)T/2, chifukwa chakuti chojambulacho chikukhudzana ndi die yapansi, chojambulacho chimasokonekera ndi mphamvu panthawi yopinda.
>Yankho:
①kukonza zinthu zobisika kapena kukonza zophimba.
②Sinthani kukula kwa chojambula.
③pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopangira nkhungu
④kukonza nkhungu
5. Mphepete yayitali yakufa imapotoka itatha kuphwanyika
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Chifukwa cha m'mphepete mwake wautali wouma, sumamatiridwa bwino kwambiri ukaphwanyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumapeto kwake kukhale kopotoka pambuyo poti waphwanyika.﹔Izi zikukhudzana kwambiri ndi malo ophwanyika, choncho samalani ndi malo ophwanyika pamene muphwanyika
>Yankho:
①Pindani makona opotoka (onani chithunzi) musanapindane m'mbali zosalimba, kenako ziphwanyireni.
②Konzani m'njira zingapo:
——Kanikizani kumapeto koyamba kuti m'mphepete mwake muwerama.
—— Lala mizu.
Zindikirani: Kuphwanyika kwa zinthu kumakhudzana ndi luso la wogwiritsa ntchito, choncho chonde samalani ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamene mukuphwanyika.
6. Mlatho waukulu wokoka ndi wosavuta kuswa
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①Chifukwa kutalika kwa mlatho wokokera ndi wokwera kwambiri, zinthuzo zimatambasulidwa kwambiri ndipo zimasweka.
②Makona a nkhungu yosavuta sanapunthidwe kapena kupukutidwa sikokwanira.
③Kulimba kwa zinthuzo ndi kochepa kwambiri kapena thupi la mlatho ndi lopapatiza kwambiri.
>Yankho:
①Talitsani dzenje la matabwa kumbali yosweka.
②Wonjezerani m'lifupi mwa mlatho wopopera madzi.
③kupukuta ngodya yosavuta ya nkhungu R kuti muwonjezere kusintha kwa arc.
④Onjezani mafuta odzola pa mlatho wokokera. (Chifukwa chake, njira iyi idzadetsa pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito, kotero sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ziwalo za AL, ndi zina zotero)
7. Pakakonzedwa nkhungu mosavuta, kukula kwa kukonza kudzasuntha
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Chifukwa cha mphamvu yofinyira patsogolo ya workpiece panthawi yokonza, workpiece imasunthika patsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ngodya yaying'ono yokhotakhota kutsogolo ikhale L.
>Yankho:
①Chotsani mbali yomwe ili mumthunzi pachithunzichi. Kawirikawiri pangani zinthu mofanana ndi kusiyana kwake.
②Pukutani mbali zonse zodziyikira zokha za nkhungu yosavuta, ndipo khazikitsani malowo mutasintha kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
8. Kukula konse kwa malo opanda kanthu (kutanthauza kutseguka) ndi kochepa kwambiri kapena kwakukulu kwambiri, komwe sikukugwirizana ndi malo ozungulira.
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①pulojekitiyi yakulitsidwa molakwika.
②kukula kwa malo obisika sikolondola.
>Yankho:
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kupotoka komwe kwaperekedwa mu njira yopotoka ndi kuchuluka kwa mipeni yopindika, kupotoka komwe kwaperekedwa pa kupindika kulikonse kumawerengedwa.
Ngati kulekerera kwa kugawa komwe kwawerengedwa kuli mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa kulekerera, ntchitoyo ndi yovomerezeka.
—–Ngati kukula kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kumatha kukonzedwa ndi cholumikizira chaching'ono cha V.
—–Ngati kukula kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri, kumatha kukonzedwa ndi mzera waukulu wa V.
9. Bowo likatsekedwa, lidzaphulika, kapena cholumikiziracho sichidzakhala cholimba, ndipo chidzasokonekera.
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①Kuphulika kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa chakuti ngodya ya R ya chibowola ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kapena kuti chibowola cha chibowola ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
②Kusowa kwa kulimba kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kosakwanira kwa dzenje lopopera.
③Kusinthaku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa mabowo kapena njira yolakwika yolumikizira mafupa.
>Yankho:
①Gwiritsani ntchito nkhonya yokhala ndi ngodya yayikulu ya R m'malo mwake.
Zindikirani: Mabowo ozungulira dzenjelo akamazungulira dzenjelo.
②Wonjezerani mphamvu, dzenje la saladi lidzawonjezeka ndi kuzama, gwiritsani ntchito phokoso lalikulu la R-angle m'malo mwake.
③Sinthani njira yolumikizirana mafupa ndi chifukwa cha kusweka kwa dzenje.
10. Chidacho chimapindika kapena kusokonekera mutachikanikiza
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①Palibe chogwirira ntchito chosalala pokonza chinthucho.
②Kupanikizika pansi pa workpiece sikofanana kapena kupanikizika ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
>Yankho:
①Mukakanikiza stud, chogwirira ntchito chiyenera kuphwanyika.
②Pangani chimango chothandizira.
③sinthani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
④Wonjezerani mphamvu ya pamwamba pamunsi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba.
11. Mbali ziwiri sizili zofanana pambuyo pa kusiyana kwa mulingo
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①nkhunguyo siilingaliridwa.
②Ma gasket apamwamba ndi apansi sakukonzedwa bwino.
③Nkhope za nkhungu zapamwamba ndi zapansi zimakhala ndi zosankha zosiyanasiyana.
>Yankho:
①Yang'ananinso nkhungu.
②Onjezani kapena chepetsani gasket. (Kuti mudziwe njira zina zosinthira, onani “Segment Processing Technology”)
③Chifanizirocho ndi chachilendo.
④Sinthani pamwamba kuti mutenge, kuti pamwamba ndi pansi pa nkhungu zikhale zofanana.
12. Mphepete mwa chinthucho ndi yozama kwambiri
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
①mlatho wapansi wa nkhungu V ndi waung'ono
②ngodya ya R ya mphika wapansi wa V ndi yaying'ono
③nsaluyo ndi yofewa kwambiri.
>Yankho:
①pogwiritsa ntchito njira yayikulu yopangira ma V groove
②gwiritsani ntchito kukonza kwakukulu kwa R angle nkhungu
③zinthu zofunda zopindika (chitsulo kapena Ugliad)
13. Kupindika kwapafupi kumasokonekera mukapindika
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Makinawa amagwira ntchito mwachangu panthawi yopindika, ndipo liwiro lopindika mmwamba la workpiece panthawi yopindika ndi lalikulu kuposa liwiro loyenda la dzanja la wogwiritsa ntchito lomwe likugwira workpiece.
>Yankho:
①kuchepetsa liwiro la makina
②Wonjezerani liwiro la chithandizo cha dzanja cha wogwiritsa ntchito.
14. Ziwalo za AL zimakhala ndi ming'alu ikapindika
>Kusanthula Chifukwa:
Popeza zinthu za AL zili ndi kapangidwe kake ka kristalo, zimakhala zosavuta kusweka pamene mizere yofanana yapindika.
>Yankho:
①Mukachotsa zinthu zopanda kanthu, ganizirani kudula zinthu za AL molunjika ku mbali yopindika (ngakhale ngati mbali yopindika ya zinthuzo ili molunjika ku mzere).
②onjezerani ngodya ya pamwamba ya nkhungu R
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-03-2021