1. Ngā ihirangi tukatuka mīhini whakapiko
1. Kōpae L
E ai ki te koki, ka wehea kia rua ngā koki 90˚ me ngā koki kore-90˚.
E ai ki te tukatuka, ka wehea ki te tukatuka whānui (L>V/2) me te tukatuka motuhake (L
>Ka tīpakohia te pokepokea ai i runga i te rauemi, te matotoru o te pereti, me te koki hanga.
>Te Kaupapa o te Whakawhirinaki
①E hangai ana ki te mātāpono o ngā tūnga pou-pūmau e rua, me te tūnga kia rite ki te āhua o te mea mahi.
②Kia tūpato ki te piko ina whakanohoia te ture whakamuri, ā, me noho ki te rārangi pokapū kotahi me te taha piko o te mea mahi.
③Mēnā he piko iti, he pai ake te whakanoho whakamuri.
④He pai ake te whakatakoto i te ture ki muri, ā, ki raro ki waenganui. (Ina okioki whakamuri, he uaua ki te whakatītaha i ngā ture)
⑤He pai ake te noho tata ki te ture o muri.
⑥He pai ake te taha roa.
⑦Whakamahia ngā taputapu jig hei āwhina i te tūnga (tūnga hē o te hypotenuse).
>Ngā Whakatūpato
①Kia aro ki te tikanga tūnga i te wā e tukatuka ana me te aratau nekehanga o te whakatikatika-muri i roto i ngā tikanga tukatuka tūnga rerekē.
②Ka piko te pokepokea ai ina tāutahia, ā, me kumea whakamuri kia kore ai e rerekē te āhua o te mea mahi ina piko.
③Ina piko te mea mahi nui ki roto, nā te āhua nui o te mea mahi me te iti o te wāhi piko, he uaua ki te taputapu me te wāhi piko te taupatupatu, ka uaua te whakanoho i te mea mahi, ka pakaru rānei te mea mahi piko. Hei karo i tēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i tētahi pūwāhi whakanoho ki te ahunga roa o te tukatuka, kia rua ngā taha o te tukatuka, kia watea ai te whakanoho i te tukatuka, kia pai ake ai te haumaru tukatuka, kia kore ai e pakaru te mea mahi, ā, kia pai ake ai te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
2. N-fold
Me rerekē ngā tikanga tukatuka mō ngā kopa-N, kia rite ki ngā āhua rerekē. Mēnā ka piko, me nui ake te rahi o roto o te rauemi i te 4MM, ā, me herea te rahi o te rahi X e te āhua o te pokepokea ai. Mēnā he iti iho i te 4MM te rahi o roto o te rauemi, whakamahia he tikanga tukatuka motuhake.
>Kōwhiria te pokepokea ai kia rite ki te matotoru o te rauemi, te rahi, te rauemi me te koki piko.
>Te Kaupapa o te Whakawhirinaki
①Kia tino mohio kei pokanoa te mea mahi ki te pokepokea ai
②Me whakarite kia paku iti iho te koki o te tūranga i te 90 nekehanga.
③He pai ake te whakamahi i ngā ture e rua i muri i te whakatau, haunga ngā āhuatanga motuhake.
>Ngā Whakatūpato
①I muri i te piko i te takai-L, me 90 nekehanga, kia iti iho rānei i te 90 nekehanga te koki e tumanakohia ana, hei whakahaere i te tukatuka me te whakanoho.
②I te tukatuka tuarua o te kopa, me whakanoho te tūranga tūnga ki waenganui o te mata tukatuka.
3. Kōpaki Z
Ka kiia hoki ko te rerekētanga takahanga, arā, ko tētahi piko pai, ko tētahi piko whakamuri. E ai ki te koki, ka wehea te rerekētanga i waenga i te taha whakarara me te taha tika.
Ko te rahi iti rawa o te tukatuka piko ka whakawhāitihia e te pokepokea tukatuka, ā, ko te rahi tukatuka mōrahi ka whakatauhia e te āhua o te mīhini tukatuka. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ina iti iho i te 3.5T te rahi o roto o te rauemi kua whakapikohia-Z, ka whakamahia te tukatuka aratau rerekētanga wāhanga. Ina nui ake i te 3.5T, ka whakamahia te tikanga tukatuka noa.
>Te Kaupapa o te Whakawhirinaki
①Te tūnga watea me te pumau pai.
②He rite tonu te tūnga whānui ki te kopa L.
③Ko te whakatakotoranga tuarua e hiahia ana kia ōrite te takotoranga o te mea mahi tukatuka me te mate o raro.
>Ngā Whakatūpato
①Me mau tonu te koki tukatuka o te kopa-L, ko te tikanga he 89.5—90 nekehanga.
②Kia tūpato ki te rerekētanga o te mea mahi ina hutia whakamuri i muri i te ture.
③Me tika te raupapa o te tukatuka.
④Mō te tukatuka motuhake, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga e whai ake nei:
——- Tikanga wehewehe raina pokapū (tukatuka tauhou)
——-Tukatuka V iti (me whakanui ake te tauwehenga piko)
——-He ngāwari te hanga pokepokea ai
——-Te hanga anō i te mata o raro
4. Whakapikoa whakamuri, ka whakapapatahi
Ko te whakatārite i te kopa whakamuri e kiia ana ko te taha mate.
Ngā mahi tukatuka o te mata mate:
① Tuatahi, pikohia, ka whakaurua ki te koki tata ki te 35 nekehanga.
② Whakamahia he matihao whakatārewatanga hei whakatārewatanga kia papatahi, kia piri.
>Kōwhiringa aratau
E ai ki te matotoru o te rauemi, tīpakohia te whānui o te awaawa-V o te pokepokea o raro me te hohonutanga o te 30 nekehanga, ā, tīpakohia te pokepokea o runga e ai ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te mata mate o te mīhini.
>Ngā Whakatūpato
Kia tūpato ki te āhua ōrite o ngā taha e rua o te taha mate. Ina roa ake te rahi tukatuka o te taha mate, ka taea te whakapiko i te taha papatahi i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakapapatahi. Mō ngā taha mate poto ake, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakakī hei tukatuka.
5. Pūmārō pēhi
Whakamahia he mīhini whakapiko hei pēhi me te hono i ngā taputapu, ko te tikanga he kōhao, he taputapu me ētahi atu tukatuka pokepokea āwhina.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko ēnei: nati pēhi, ngā pou pēhi, ngā tīwiri pēhi me ētahi atu taputapu.
>Ngā Whakatūpato
①Me karo i te āhua o te mea mahi mō te tukatuka, me karo hoki i te tūnga.
②I muri i te tukatuka, tirohia te taipana, mēnā kua eke te pana ki te paerewa, ā, mēnā kei te ōrite, kei te piri hoki ngā taputapu me te rauemi mahi.
③I muri i te piko, me te pēhi i te taha o te mīhini, kia aro ki te tūnga tukatuka me te whakarara o te pokepokea ai.
④Mena he pūkohu, kia tūpato kei reira ngā kapiti, ā, kaua te pūkohu e teitei ake i te mata o te mea mahi.
6. Te hanga pokepokea ngāwari
Ko ngā ihirangi tukatuka whānui o te hanga pokepokea ngāwari ko: te rerekētanga wāhanga iti, te matau, te piriti kume, te putea kume, te kongakonga pēhi me ētahi āhua koretake.
Ko te mātāpono hoahoa o te pokepokea ngāwari e pā ana ki te "mātāpono hoahoa pokepokea ngāwari tapahi laser"
Ko ngā pokepokea ngāwari ka whakanohoia, ka whakanohoia rānei ki a rātou anō i muri i te whakamahinga.
Ko te mea nui mō te tukatuka i ngā ihirangi o runga ake nei me te tukatuka pokepokea ngāwari ko te kore e pāngia e ngā whakaritenga mahi me te huihuinga, ā, he noa te āhua.
2. Ngā raruraru noa i roto i te tukatuka mīhini whakapiko me ngā otinga
1. Te āhuatanga o te paheke i te wā e tukatukahia ana
>Tātari Take:
①Ko te whānui o te awaawa V o te (4-6)T ka tīpakohia i te wā e tīpakohia ana te pokepoke piko. Mēnā he iti iho i te haurua o te whānui o te awaawa-V kua tīpakohia te rahi piko, ka paheke.
②He nui rawa te awaawa V kua tīpakohia
③Te tukatuka tukatuka
>Otinga;
①Tikanga peka-waenga (tukatuka rerekē). Mena he iti iho te taha o roto o te rauemi piko i te (4-6)T/2, me hanga kia nui rawa atu.
②Te tukatuka rauemi arai.
③Whakamahia he awaawa V iti hei piko, me te awaawa V nui hei pēhanga.
④Kōwhiria he awaawa V iti ake.
2. He whaiti ake te whānui piko o roto i te whānui pokepokea paerewa
>Tātari Take:
Nā te mea ko te whānui paerewa iti rawa o te pokepoke o raro o te moenga takai he 10MM, he iti iho i te 10MM te wāhanga piko. Mena he piko 90-tohu, kaua tōna roa e iti iho i te √2(L+V/2)+T. Mō tēnei momo piko, me whakapiri te pokepoke ki te turanga pokepoke (engari kāore e herea te herekore o te ahunga whakarunga) kia kore ai e neke te pokepoke, e pakaru ai te mea mahi, e puta ai rānei he aituā haumaru.
>Otinga:
①whakanuia te rahi (kia whakaaetia e te kiritaki), arā, whakanuia te whānui o te kopa o roto.
②tukatuka pokepokea ngāwari
③ngā taputapu huri (ka piki ake ngā utu tukatuka)
3. He tata rawa te kōhao ki te rārangi piko, mā te piko ka kukume te kōhao i te rauemi, ka huri te rauemi.
>Tātari Take:
Ki te whakaaro ko te tawhiti i waenganui i te kōhao me te rārangi piko ko L, ina L<(4–6)T/2, ka kukumea te rauemi e te kōhao. Ko te take matua ko te mea i te wā e pikohia ana, ka whakapēhia te rauemi nā te kaha kume, ka hua ake te āhuatanga o te kukume me te hurihuri o te rauemi.
Mō ngā matotoru rerekē o te pereti, e ai ki te whānui o te awaawa o te pokepokea paerewa o nāianei, ko te uara L iti rawa e whai ake nei:
>Otinga:
①whakanuia te rahi, kātahi ka kuti i te taha kua whakapikoa i muri i te hanganga.
②whakawhanuihia te kōhao ki te rārangi piko (me kaua e pā ki te āhua me te mahi, ā, ka whakaae te kiritaki).
③te tukatuka tapahi, te tukatuka kuru rānei
④tukatuka rerekē o te pokepokea ai
⑤whakarerekētia te rahi o te poka
4. He iti te tawhiti i waenga i te taha tuhi me te rārangi piko, ā, ka rerekē te āhua o te wāhanga tuhi i muri i te piko
>Tātari Take:
Ina L<(4–6)T/2, nā te mea e pā ana te tuhi ki te mata o raro, ka whakapōturitia te tuhi e te kaha i te wā e piko ana.
>Otinga:
①te tukatuka tapahi, te tukatuka kume rānei.
②whakarerekētia te rahi o te tuhi.
③te whakamahi i te tukatuka pokepokea motuhake
④tukatuka rerekē o te pokepokea ai
5. Ka piko te taha roa mate i muri i te whakapapatahitanga
>Tātari Take:
Nā te roa o te mata mate, kāore e piri pai ina papatahitia, ā, ka piko te pito i muri i te papatahitanga.﹔He nui te pānga o tēnei āhuatanga ki te tūranga papatahi, nō reira kia aro ki te tūranga papatahi i te wā e papatahi ana.
>Otinga:
①Whakapikohia ngā kokonga piko (tirohia te hoahoa) i mua i te whakapiko i ngā taha mate, kātahi ka whakapapatahitia.
②Whakapaia te paraoa i roto i ngā taahiraa maha:
——Pēhia te pito i te tuatahi kia piko ai te taha mate ki raro.
—— Whakapapatahitia ngā pakiaka.
Kia mōhio: E pā ana te pānga whakapapatahi ki ngā pūkenga whakahaere o te kaiwhakahaere, nō reira kia aro ki te āhuatanga tūturu i te wā e whakapapatahi ana.
6. He ngāwari te pakaru o te piriti kume teitei
>Tātari Take:
①Nā te teitei rawa o te piriti kume, ka totoro rawa te rauemi, ā, ka whati.
②Kāore anō kia hurihia ngā kokonga o te pokepokea ngāwari, kāore rānei i te rawaka te huri.
③He iti rawa te pakari o te rauemi, he whaiti rawa rānei te tinana o te piriti.
>Otinga:
①whakaroahia te kōhao waka i te taha whati.
②Whakanuia te whānui o te piriti papu.
③te huri i te koki R o te pokepokea ngāwari hei whakanui ake i te whakawhiti pewa.
④tāpirihia he hinu whakahinuhinu ki te piriti kume. (Nō reira, ka paru te mata o te mea mahi i tēnei tikanga, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi mō ngā wāhanga AL, me ētahi atu.)
7. I te wā e tukatukahia ana te pokepokea ngāwari, ka neke te rahi o te tukatuka
>Tātari Take:
Nā te kaha pēhi whakamua o te mea mahi i te wā e miihinihia ana, ka nekehia whakamua te mea mahi, ka hua ake te pikinga o te koki honga iti o mua, arā, ko L.
>Otinga:
①Tangohia te wāhanga kua whakamarumarutia i roto i te pikitia. Ko te tikanga, ka rite te nui o te rerekētanga ki te rerekētanga.
②Hurihia ngā wāhanga tūnga-ake katoa o te pokepokea ngāwari, ka whakatakoto i te tūranga i muri i te huri ki te whakamahi.
8. He iti rawa, he nui rawa rānei te rahi katoa o te paparanga (e pā ana ki te horahanga), kāore e ōrite ki te mata porowhita.
>Tātari Take:
①kāore i te tika te whakawhānui i te kaupapa.
②kāore i te tika te rahi o te wāhi takoto kau.
>Otinga:
E ai ki te tapeke o te pekanga i te ahunga pekanga me te maha o ngā maripi piko, ka tatauhia te pekanga kua tohaina mō ia kopa.
Mena kei roto i te awhe manawanui te ātete tohatoha kua tatauhia, ka whakaaetia te mahi toi.
—–Mēnā he nui rawa te rahi, ka taea te tukatuka mā te whakamahi i tētahi awaawa V iti.
—–Mēnā he iti rawa te rahi, ka taea te tukatuka mā te whakamahi i te awaawa V nui.
9. Kia katia te kōhao, ka pakaru, ka kore rānei e piri te hononga, ā, ka rerekē tōna āhua.
>Tātari Take:
①Nā te iti rawa o te koki R o te wero, nā te nui rawa rānei o te koki o te flange i pakū ai.
②Ko te korenga o te kikī i puta mai i te kore e whānui haere o te kōhao papu.
③Nā te nekenekehanga o te kōhao, nā te tikanga hononga hē rānei i puta ai te rerekētanga.
>Otinga:
①Whakamahia he poka he koki R nui.
Kia mōhio: Ka pōkarekare ngā kōhao huri noa i te kōhao ina whakapikohia te kōhao.
②Whakanuia te pēhanga, ka nui haere, ka hōhonu ake hoki te kōhao huamata, whakamahia he poka nui koki-R hei whakakapi.
③Hurihia te tikanga honohono me te take o te nekenekehanga o te kōhao.
10. Kua piko, kua hē rānei te āhua o te pou i muri i te pēhitanga
>Tātari Take:
①Kāore he papatahi o te mahi i te wā e tukatukahia ana te hua.
②Kāore i te ōrite te pēhanga i te mata o raro o te mea mahi, he nui rawa rānei.
>Otinga:
①I te pēhi i te pou, me papatahi te mea mahi.
②Hangaia te anga tautoko.
③whakatikatika anō i te pēhanga.
④Whakanuia te awhe kaha o te mata o raro, me te whakaiti i te awhe kaha o te mata o runga.
11. Kāore ngā taha e rua e whakarara ana i muri i te rerekētanga taumata
>Tātari Take:
①kāore te pokepokea i whakatikatikaina.
②Kāore i te tika te whakarite i ngā gaskets o runga me raro o te mate.
③He rerekē ngā kōwhiringa o ngā mata pokepoke o runga, o raro hoki.
>Otinga:
①Tirohia anō te pokepokea ai.
②Whakanuia, whakaitihia rānei te gasket. (Mō ngā tikanga whakatikatika motuhake, tirohia "Hangarau Tukatuka Wāhanga")
③He āhua rerekē te pokepokea ai.
④Hurihia te mata hei tango, kia rite ai ngā mata pokepoke o runga me raro.
12. He hohonu rawa te kopa i runga i te mata o te hua
>Tātari Take:
①he iti te awaawa V o raro o te pokepokea ai
②he iti te koki R o te awaawa V o raro o te pokepokea ai
③he ngohengohe rawa te rauemi.
>Otinga:
①te whakamahi i te tukatuka awaawa V nui
②whakamahia te tukatuka pokepokea koki R nui
③te piko o te rauemi moenga (te papa maitai, te Ugliad rānei)
13. Ka whakapōturitia te piko tata i muri i te piko
>Tātari Take:
He tere te oma o te mīhini i te wā e piko ana, ā, ko te tere piko ake o te mea mahi i te wā e whakarerekētia ana te āhua he nui ake i te tere nekehanga o te ringa o te kaiwhakahaere e pupuri ana i te mea mahi.
>Otinga:
①whakaitihia te tere o te mahi a te mīhini
②Whakanuia te tere o te tautoko ringa o te kaiwhakahaere.
14. Ka pakaru ngā wāhanga AL ina piko
>Tātari Take:
Nā te mea he hanganga tioata motuhake tō te rauemi AL, he ngāwari te whati ina piko ngā rārangi whakarara.
>Otinga:
①I te wā e whakawātea ana, whakaarohia te tapahi i te rauemi AL i te ahunga poutū ki te ahunga piko (ahakoa he poutū te ahunga piko o te rauemi ki te rārangi).
②whakanuia te koki R o te pokepokea ai runga
Wā tuku: Pipiri-03-2021