1. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya imashini zipfunyika
1. Hinguranya L
Dukurikije inguni, igabanyijemo 90˚ ikubitwa n'itari 90˚ ikubitwa.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo gutunganya, bigabanyijemo uburyo rusange bwo gutunganya (L>V/2) n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya (L
>Ibumba ritoranywa hakurikijwe ibikoresho, ubugari bw'isahani, n'inguni yo kuyirema.
>Ihame ryo Kwishingikiriza ku byo umuntu yishingikirizaho
①Hashingiwe ku ihame ry'imiterere ibiri ya nyuma, n'imiterere ijyanye n'imiterere y'igikoresho.
②Witondere uburyo ishingiro ry'inyuma rihagaze, kandi rigomba kuba riri ku murongo umwe wo hagati n'urwego rw'inyuma rw'igikoresho.
③Mu gihe hari imiterere mito, gushyira inyuma ni byiza kurushaho.
④Ni byiza gushyiraho itegeko inyuma no hagati. (Iyo uhengamiye inyuma, amategeko ntabwo yoroshye kuyahengamira)
⑤Ni byiza kuguma hafi y'itegeko ry'inyuma.
⑥Uruhande rurerure ni rwiza kurushaho.
⑦Koresha jigs kugira ngo ufashe mu gushyiramo (gushyiramo hypotenuse mu buryo butari bwo).
>Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
①Witondere uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo mu gihe cyo kubitunganya ndetse n'uburyo bwo kubihindura mu mwanya wabyo mu buryo butandukanye bwo kubitunganya.
②Iyo ifumbire iragorama iyo irimo gushyirwaho, kandi igomba gukururwa kugira ngo igikoresho cyo kuyikora kidahinduka iyo igorama.
③Iyo igikoresho kinini gipfundikiye imbere, bitewe n'imiterere minini y'igikoresho n'agace gato ko gupfundikira, biragoye ko igikoresho n'agace ko gupfundikira bihurirana, bigatuma igikoresho kigorana gushyiramo cyangwa kwangirika kw'igikoresho cyo gupfundikira. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi byavuzwe haruguru, ushobora kongeramo aho giherereye mu cyerekezo kirekire cy'igikorwa, kugira ngo igikorwa gishyirwe mu byerekezo bibiri, bituma uburyo bwo gutunganya burushaho koroha, kandi bukongera umutekano mu gutunganya, hirindwa kwangirika kw'igikoresho, kandi bikongera imikorere myiza mu gukora.
2. N ipfundo
Ingufu za N zikenera uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzitunganya bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye. Mu gihe cyo kuzigonda, ingano y'imbere y'ibikoresho igomba kuba irenga 4MM, kandi ingano ya X igengwa n'imiterere y'ibumba. Niba ingano y'imbere y'ibikoresho iri munsi ya 4MM, koresha uburyo bwihariye bwo kuzitunganya.
>Hitamo ibumba ukurikije ubunini bw'ibikoresho, ingano, ibikoresho n'inguni yo kugonda.
>Ihame ryo Kwishingikiriza ku byo umuntu yishingikirizaho
①Menya neza ko igikoresho cyo gukora kitabangamira ibumba
②Menya neza ko inguni y'aho uhagaze iri munsi gato ya dogere 90.
③Ni byiza gukoresha amategeko abiri nyuma yo kugena, keretse mu bihe byihariye.
>Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
①Nyuma yo gupfunyika L, inguni iteganijwe igomba kuba kuri dogere 90 cyangwa munsi gato ya dogere 90 kugira ngo byorohe gutunganya no gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo.
②Mu gihe cyo gutunganya bwa kabiri, aho gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo ni ngombwa ko biba biri hagati y’aho bikorerwa.
3. Hindura Z
Nanone yitwa itandukaniro ry'intambwe, ni ukuvuga, imwe iri imbere indi iri inyuma. Dukurikije inguni, itandukaniro riri hagati ya hypotenuse n'inkombe igororotse rigabanijwemo kabiri.
Ingano ntoya yo gutunganya ibintu igengwa n'ibumba ritunganywa, kandi ingano ntarengwa yo gutunganya ibintu igenwa n'imiterere y'imashini itunganya. Mu bihe bisanzwe, iyo ingano y'imbere y'ibikoresho bya Z iri munsi ya 3.5T, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo butandukanye. Iyo birengeje 3.5T, hakoreshwa uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ibintu.
>Ihame ryo Kwishingikiriza ku byo umuntu yishingikirizaho
①Ahantu horoshye kandi hahamye neza.
②Ahantu rusange ni kimwe n'aho L ipfundikirwa.
③Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gushyiramo ibintu bisaba ko igikoresho cyatunganyijwe n'igice cyo hasi cy'icyuma gishyushye.
>Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
①Inguni yo gutunganya ya L-fold igomba kuba iri aho iherereye, muri rusange dogere 89.5-90.
②Witondere imiterere y'igikoresho mu gihe usubiza inyuma nyuma y'itegeko.
③Uburyo bwo gutunganya bugomba kuba bukwiye.
④Ku bijyanye no gutunganya ibintu byihariye, uburyo bukurikira bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu:
——- Uburyo bwo gutandukanya umurongo wo hagati (gutunganya umurongo utandukanye)
——- Gutunganya V nto (bikenewe kongera ingano y'ingufu)
——- Byoroshye gukora ibumba
——- Guhindura ishusho y'icyuma cyo hasi
4. Hindura hanyuma ugorore
Guhindura imiterere y'inyuma byitwa kandi dead edge.
Intambwe zo gutunganya impande zidafite aho zihuriye:
① Banza ugonge hanyuma ushyiremo ubushyuhe bwa dogere 35.
② Koresha agakoresho ko gufunga kugeza igihe gafashe neza.
>Guhitamo uburyo
Ukurikije ubunini bw'ibikoresho inshuro 5-6, hitamo ubugari bwa V-groove bw'ibumba ryo hasi rifite ubujyakuzimu bwa dogere 30, hanyuma uhitemo ibumba ryo hejuru ukurikije imiterere yihariye y'inkombe idakora.
>Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
Witondere uburyo impande ebyiri z'uruhande rwapfuye zimeze. Iyo ingano y'uruhande rwapfuye ari ndende, uruhande rwacitse rushobora kubanza gupfunyika hanyuma rukagabanuka. Ku mpande ngufi zacitse, padding ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya.
5. Ibikoresho by'itangazamakuru
Koresha imashini ipfunyika kugira ngo ukanda kandi uhuze ibikoresho, muri rusange ukoresha umwobo, icyuma gifata ibikoresho n'ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibumba.
Mu bihe bisanzwe hari: utubuto two gukanda, utubuto two gukanda, utubuto two gukanda n'ibindi bikoresho.
>Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
①Iyo imiterere y'agakoresho igomba kwirindwa mu gutunganya, aho gakwiye kwirindwa.
②Nyuma yo gutunganya, reba niba imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gukurura zigeze ku rugero rusanzwe, kandi niba ibikoresho n'ibikoresho by'akazi bitoroshye kandi bikomeye.
③Nyuma yo kunama, iyo ukanda iruhande rw'igikoresho cy'imashini, witondere aho imashini ikorera n'uburyo ikora ibintu bingana.
④Niba ari ikibyimba, nyamuneka witondere ko nta cyuho kigomba kuba kiri ku kibyimba, kandi ikibyimba ntikigomba kuba kiri hejuru y'ubuso bw'igikoresho.
6. Gutunganya ibimera byoroshye
Ibikubiye muri rusange mu gutunganya ibihumyo byoroshye birimo: itandukaniro rito ry'ibice, ikirahure, ikiraro cyo gukurura, isakoshi yo gukurura, uduce duto two gukanda hamwe n'imiterere imwe n'imwe idahuye.
Ihame ry’igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibumba ryoroshye rivuga “Ihame ryo gushushanya ibumba ryoroshye hakoreshejwe laser”
Ibikoresho byoroshye muri rusange bishyirwa ahantu cyangwa bigashyirwa ahantu hihariye nyuma yo kubikoresha.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya ibikubiye haruguru hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya ibihumyo ni uko imikorere yabyo n'ibisabwa mu guteranya bitabangamirwa, kandi uko bigaragara ni ibisanzwe.
2. Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu gutunganya no gushakira ibisubizo imashini zipfunyika
1. Ikintu cyo kunyerera mu gihe cyo gutunganya
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①Muri rusange, ubugari bwa V groove ya (4-6)T butoranywa mu guhitamo ibumba rigonga. Iyo ingano yo gugonga iri munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubugari bwa V-groove bwatoranijwe, hazamo kunyerera.
②Umuyoboro wa V watoranyijwe ni munini cyane
③Uburyo bwo kuvura
>Igisubizo;
①Uburyo bwo kunyura hagati (gutunganya imirasire y'izuba). Niba ingano y'imbere y'ibikoresho bigonze ari ntoya kurusha (4-6)T/2, kora ibishoboka byose
②Gutunganya ibikoresho byo mu gisenge.
③Koresha umuyoboro muto wa V kugira ngo ugonde n'umuyoboro munini wa V kugira ngo ushyiremo igitutu.
④Hitamo umuyoboro muto wa V.
2. Ubugari bw'imbere bwo kugonda ni buto ugereranyije n'ubugari busanzwe bw'ibumba
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Kubera ko ubugari busanzwe bw'ibumba ryo hasi ry'igitanda cyo kuzinga ari 10MM, igice cyo kuzinga kiri munsi ya 10MM. Niba ari ukuzunguruka kwa dogere 90, uburebure bwacyo ntibugomba kuba munsi ya √2(L+V/2)+T. Kuri ubu bwoko bwo kuzunguruka, ibumba rigomba gushyirwa ku gice cy'ibumba (usibye ko ubwisanzure bwo kuzamura icyerekezo budahagarikwa) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibumba rishobora kwimuka no gutuma igikoresho cyo gukora gikurwaho cyangwa kigatera impanuka y'umutekano.
>Igisubizo:
①ongera ingano (kumvikana n'umukiriya), ni ukuvuga, ongera ubugari bw'inyuma.
②gutunganya ibihumyo byoroshye
③ibikoresho byo gusya (ibi bizatuma ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ibintu cyiyongera)
3. Umwobo wegereye cyane umurongo wo gupfunyika, gupfunyika bizatuma umwobo ukurura ibikoresho no kuzunguruka ibikoresho
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Tuvuze ko intera iri hagati y'umwobo n'umurongo wo gupfunyika ari L, iyo L <(4–6)T/2, umwobo uzakurura ibikoresho. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko mu gihe cyo gupfunyika, ibikoresho biba byangiritse bitewe n'imbaraga zo gukurura, bigatuma habaho gukurura no guhindukira kw'ibikoresho.
Ku bugari butandukanye bw'isahani, hakurikijwe ubugari bw'umuyoboro w'ibumba risanzwe rihari, agaciro ka L ntarengwa ni aka gakurikira:
>Igisubizo:
①ongera ingano, kandi ukate impande zipfunyitse nyuma yo gukora.
②kwagura umwobo kugeza ku murongo wo kugonda (nta ngaruka bigomba kugira ku miterere n'imikorere, kandi umukiriya arabyemera).
③gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bw'ibanga cyangwa gutunganya ibicani
④gutunganya ibimera mu buryo budasanzwe
⑤hindura ingano y'umwobo
4. Intera iri hagati y'inkombe y'igishushanyo n'umurongo wo gupfunyika ni nto, kandi igice cyo gushushanya kirahinduka nyuma yo gupfunyika
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Iyo L<(4–6)T/2, kubera ko igishushanyo gihuye n'igice cyo hasi cy'icyuma, igishushanyo gihinduka bitewe n'imbaraga mu gihe cyo kugonda.
>Igisubizo:
①gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bw'ibanga cyangwa gutunganya ibisebe.
②hindura ingano y'igishushanyo.
③hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya ibumba
④gutunganya ibimera mu buryo budasanzwe
5. Inkombe ndende idapfa iragoramye nyuma yo gushwanyagurika
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Bitewe n'uko inkombe yayo ari ndende idafashe neza iyo iringaniye, ibyo bigatuma impera yayo igorama nyuma yo kuyigorama.﹔Iki kibazo gifitanye isano rikomeye n'aho ipfunyika, bityo rero witondere aho ipfunyika ipfunyika mu gihe upfunyika
>Igisubizo:
①Zingira impande zigoramye (reba igishushanyo mbonera) mbere yo kuzingira impande zapfuye, hanyuma uzigorore.
②Kurambura mu ntambwe nyinshi:
——Kanda impera mbere kugira ngo utume impande zidapfa zigonda hasi.
—— Kurambura imizi.
Icyitonderwa: Ingaruka zo gupfunyika zijyanye n'ubuhanga bw'umukoresha mu gukora, bityo rero nyamuneka witondere uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe cyo gupfunyika.
6. Ikiraro kinini cyo kugorora uburebure biroroshye kugisenya
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①Kubera ko uburebure bw'ikiraro cyo kugorora ari burebure cyane, ibikoresho birarambuwe cyane kandi biracika.
②Inguni z'ibumba ryoroshye ntizasigwa cyangwa ngo gusya ntibihagije.
③Ubukomere bw'ibikoresho ni bubi cyane cyangwa igice cy'ikiraro ni gito cyane.
>Igisubizo:
①gabanya umwobo w'ubukorikori ku ruhande rwavunitse.
②Ongera ubugari bw'ikiraro cyo kuvoma.
③gusya inguni yoroshye ya mold R kugira ngo wongere ihinduka ry'umurambararo.
④ongeramo amavuta yo kwisiga ku kiraro cyo gukurura. (Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubu buryo buzahumanya ubuso bw'igikoresho, bityo ntigishobora gukoreshwa ku bice bya AL, nibindi)
7. Mu gihe cyoroshye gutunganya ibumba, ingano yaryo izagenda
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Bitewe n'imbaraga zo gukanda imbere z'igikoresho mu gihe cyo gukora imashini, igikoresho gihita cyimurirwa imbere, bigatuma inguni nto y'imbere ihinduka L yiyongera.
>Igisubizo:
①Gukuraho igice cy'igicucu kiri ku ishusho. Muri rusange, hindura uko itandukaniro riri.
②Kuraho ibice byose byishyira mu mwanya wabyo byoroshye, hanyuma ushyireho umwanya nyuma yo guhindura kugira ngo ukoreshe.
8. Ingano yose y'ahantu hadashyizwe (yerekeza ku gupfunyika) ni nto cyane cyangwa nini cyane, idahuye n'ubuso bw'uruziga.
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①umushinga waguwe nabi.
②Ingano y'ahantu hadashyizwemo ibintu iteye nabi.
>Igisubizo:
Hakurikijwe ingano yose y'impinduka mu cyerekezo cyo kunyuramo n'umubare w'ibyuma bipfunyika, impinduka yagenewe buri pfundo ibarwa.
Niba ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza bwabazwe buri mu rugero rwo kwihanganira, igikoresho cy’akazi kirakwemerwa.
—–Niba ingano ari nini cyane, ishobora gutunganywa hakoreshejwe umuyoboro muto wa V.
—–Niba ingano ari nto cyane, ishobora gutunganywa hakoreshejwe umuyoboro munini wa V.
9. Umwobo umaze gufungwa, uzaturika, cyangwa ingingo ntizaba ifunze neza, maze uzahinduka isura.
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①Guturika biterwa n'uko inguni ya R y'umuvuduko wo gukubita ari nto cyane cyangwa umuvuduko wo gukubita ukaba munini cyane.
②Kudafata neza biterwa no kwaguka guke k'umwobo wo gupompa.
③Guhinduka kw'ingingo guterwa no kwimuka k'umwobo cyangwa uburyo butari bwo bwo gukoresha ingingo.
>Igisubizo:
①Koresha igipfunsi gifite inguni nini ya R.
Icyitonderwa: Uduce duto dukikije umwobo iyo umwobo upfundikiwe.
②Ongera umuvuduko, umwobo wa salade uzongera kwiyongera, ahubwo koresha imbaraga nini za R-angle.
③Hindura uburyo bwo gufatana kw'ingingo n'impamvu yatumye umwobo uvamo.
10. Agapira karagoramye cyangwa karangiritse nyuma yo gukanda
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①Nta gikoresho gikozwe mu buryo butambitse gihari iyo utunganya ibicuruzwa.
②Igitutu kiri ku gice cyo hasi cy'igikoresho kiba kitangana cyangwa igitutu kikaba kinini cyane.
>Igisubizo:
①Mu gihe ukanda icyuma, igikoresho kigomba kuba cyaragororotse.
②Kora icyuma gishyigikira.
③kosora umuvuduko.
④Ongera imbaraga z'ubuso bwo hasi kandi ugabanye imbaraga z'ubuso bwo hejuru.
11. Impande zombi ntizibangikanye nyuma y'itandukaniro ry'urwego
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①ibumba ntiripimwa.
②Uduce two hejuru n'utwo hasi tw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ntabwo duhindurwa neza.
③Isura yo hejuru n'iyo hepfo y'ibihumyo ifite amahitamo atandukanye.
>Igisubizo:
①Suzuma ifi y'ibumba.
②Ongera cyangwa ugabanye gasket. (Kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyihindura, reba “Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya Ibice”)
③Ifumbire ni idasanzwe.
④Hindura ubuso bugomba gufatwa, kugira ngo ubuso bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi bw'ibumba bube bumwe.
12. Uduce tw'ibicuruzwa turi hejuru cyane
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
①Umuyoboro wo hasi wa V ni muto
②inguni ya R y'umuyoboro wo hasi wa V ni nto
③Ibikoresho byoroshye cyane.
>Igisubizo:
①hakoreshejwe uburyo bunini bwo gutunganya imiyoboro ya V
②koresha uburyo bunini bwo gutunganya ibumba rya R
③ibikoresho byo kuryamaho (icyuma cyangwa Ugliad)
13. Ipfundo ryegereye rirahinduka nyuma yo gupfundika
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Imashini ikora vuba cyane mu gihe cyo gupfunyika, kandi umuvuduko wo kuzamuka kw'icyuma mu gihe cyo gupfunyika uruta umuvuduko w'ukuboko k'umukoresha ufashe icyo gikoresho.
>Igisubizo:
①kugabanya umuvuduko w'imikorere y'imashini
②Ongera umuvuduko w'inkunga y'intoki y'ukoresha.
14. Ibice bya AL bishobora kwangirika iyo bigonze
>Isesengura ry'Impamvu:
Kubera ko ibikoresho bya AL bifite imiterere yihariye ya kristu, biroroshye kuvunika iyo imirongo iteganye igoramye.
>Igisubizo:
①Mu gihe urimo gushyira ubusa, tekereza gukata ibikoresho bya AL mu cyerekezo giteganye n'icyerekezo cyo gucurama (nubwo icyerekezo cyo gucurama cy'ibikoresho cyaba giteganye n'umurongo).
②ongera inguni yo hejuru ya mold R
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-03-2021